{ "source": { "sourceURL": "https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/EXR/D.USD.EUR.SP00.A?startPeriod=2024-01-01&endPeriod=2024-12-31&format=csvdata", "fetchedAtUTC": "2026-10-02T21:00:58.709019+00:00", "httpStatus": 200, "sourceBytes": 53554, "sha256": "aeb3aa58d4ad79426226626fd5f69563340856a0e3529d5a12f14bb7dec0343a", "series": "EXR.D.USD.EUR.SP00.A", "label": "ECB euro foreign exchange reference rate: USD per EUR", "observations": 256, "scope": "Daily reference observations. Not OHLC, bid, ask, intraday high/low, or executable prices. Do not render as candlesticks.", "publicationPolicyURL": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/services/using-our-site/disclaimer/html/index.en.html", "sourceMethodURL": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html", "apiDocsURL": "https://data.ecb.europa.eu/help/api/data-examples", "attribution": "Source: ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates. Selection, boundary calculations and annotations: InsomniCapital.", "verifiedOn": "2026-10-02", "transformation": "Only date and reference-rate columns retained. Values are unchanged; original rate strings are preserved. No missing dates filled.", "originalSourceFile": "ecb-eurusd-reference-2024-source.csv", "publicationConditions": "ECB permits free reuse with accurate reproduction and source attribution; calculations and other modifications must be identified. External ECB links open as ordinary top-level pages, not frames." }, "units": "US dollars per one euro", "rule": "Freeze the maximum of the 10 published reference observations immediately before the selected date. The selected reference rate must be strictly above that boundary. Follow-through means all five following published reference rates remain strictly above the frozen boundary. Failed break means at least one of those five is at or below it. The boundary is not moved after the selected observation.", "selection": "20 February and 9 April 2024 were selected retrospectively as contrasting, non-overlapping illustrations. They are not a random sample or evidence about how often either outcome occurs.", "charts": "Each chart displays 21 published observations: 10 preceding, the selected break, and 10 following. Classification uses only the first five following observations. Dates with no publication are not filled; the horizontal scale shows calendar dates.", "timeMeaning": "Dates are ECB observation dates, not UTC daily candle-close timestamps. The ECB normally determines its reference rates through a procedure around 14:10 CET and usually publishes them around 16:00 CET on working days, excluding TARGET closing days.", "limitations": "Reference rates are not executable bid/ask quotes, OHLC candles or intraday highs and lows. They cannot establish a fill, an intraday retest or stop/target order. No trade returns, costs, slippage, win rate or profitability are measured.", "calculationAttribution": "Boundary calculations, classification labels, selection and chart annotations are by InsomniCapital, not the ECB.", "downloadSha256": "487f1ce7e27332e3283863971b22d9ffc6870e64e37cf929b8a354ddad269002", "examples": [ { "kind": "follow-through", "filename": "ecb-break-follow-through", "title": "Five observations above the boundary", "lookback": 10, "following": 5, "boundary": 1.0793, "prior": [ { "date": "2024-02-06", "rate": 1.0743, "sourceValue": "1.0743" }, { "date": "2024-02-07", "rate": 1.0776, "sourceValue": "1.0776" }, { "date": "2024-02-08", "rate": 1.0758, "sourceValue": "1.0758" }, { "date": "2024-02-09", "rate": 1.0772, "sourceValue": "1.0772" }, { "date": "2024-02-12", "rate": 1.0773, "sourceValue": "1.0773" }, { "date": "2024-02-13", "rate": 1.0793, "sourceValue": "1.0793" }, { "date": "2024-02-14", "rate": 1.0713, "sourceValue": "1.0713" }, { "date": "2024-02-15", "rate": 1.0743, "sourceValue": "1.0743" }, { "date": "2024-02-16", "rate": 1.0768, "sourceValue": "1.0768" }, { "date": "2024-02-19", "rate": 1.0776, "sourceValue": "1.0776" } ], "boundaryObservations": [ { "date": "2024-02-13", "rate": 1.0793, "sourceValue": "1.0793" } ], "breakObservation": { "date": "2024-02-20", "rate": 1.0802, "sourceValue": "1.0802" }, "next": [ { "date": "2024-02-21", "rate": 1.0809, "sourceValue": "1.0809" }, { "date": "2024-02-22", "rate": 1.0844, "sourceValue": "1.0844" }, { "date": "2024-02-23", "rate": 1.0834, "sourceValue": "1.0834" }, { "date": "2024-02-26", "rate": 1.0852, "sourceValue": "1.0852" }, { "date": "2024-02-27", "rate": 1.0856, "sourceValue": "1.0856" } ], "firstReturn": null, "chartStart": "2024-02-06", "chartEnd": "2024-03-05" }, { "kind": "failed-break", "filename": "ecb-failed-break", "title": "A break that returned below the boundary", "lookback": 10, "following": 5, "boundary": 1.0855, "prior": [ { "date": "2024-03-22", "rate": 1.0823, "sourceValue": "1.0823" }, { "date": "2024-03-25", "rate": 1.0835, "sourceValue": "1.0835" }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "rate": 1.0855, "sourceValue": "1.0855" }, { "date": "2024-03-27", "rate": 1.0816, "sourceValue": "1.0816" }, { "date": "2024-03-28", "rate": 1.0811, "sourceValue": "1.0811" }, { "date": "2024-04-02", "rate": 1.0749, "sourceValue": "1.0749" }, { "date": "2024-04-03", "rate": 1.0783, "sourceValue": "1.0783" }, { "date": "2024-04-04", "rate": 1.0852, "sourceValue": "1.0852" }, { "date": "2024-04-05", "rate": 1.0841, "sourceValue": "1.0841" }, { "date": "2024-04-08", "rate": 1.0823, "sourceValue": "1.0823" } ], "boundaryObservations": [ { "date": "2024-03-26", "rate": 1.0855, "sourceValue": "1.0855" } ], "breakObservation": { "date": "2024-04-09", "rate": 1.0867, "sourceValue": "1.0867" }, "next": [ { "date": "2024-04-10", "rate": 1.086, "sourceValue": "1.086" }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "rate": 1.0729, "sourceValue": "1.0729" }, { "date": "2024-04-12", "rate": 1.0652, "sourceValue": "1.0652" }, { "date": "2024-04-15", "rate": 1.0656, "sourceValue": "1.0656" }, { "date": "2024-04-16", "rate": 1.0637, "sourceValue": "1.0637" } ], "firstReturn": { "date": "2024-04-11", "rate": 1.0729, "sourceValue": "1.0729" }, "chartStart": "2024-03-22", "chartEnd": "2024-04-23" } ] }